Pile wire



Oct. 29, 1935. M. B. BEHRMAN PILE WIRE Filed Jan. 14, 1951 en o Patented Oct. 29, 1935 UNITED STATES PILE WIRE Marcus B. Behrman, Brooklyn, N.'Y, assigner' to Lox Seal Corporation, Brooklyn, N. Y., a c'or` poration of New York Application January 14, 1931,V Serial No.y 508,587

1 Claim.

My present invention relates, generally, to pile wire cutters, and tov their manufacture. It has particular relation to the process of .manufacturing pile wire cutter holders so that there may 5- be readily assembled therewith replaceable wafer blades the invention also relates to a particular type of' pile wire cutters.

Asis well known to those versed in this art, pile Wires are used, in the manufacture of pile fabrics, during the weaving thereof, for the purpose of severing certain of the warp threads, after the fabric has been woven. The pile wires, which are interwoven, as elements of the weft, with the fabric, are withdrawn, after the weavl' ing of a particular portion has been completed, and` in; such withdrawal, a blade, carried by the pile wire in a holder at one end thereof, cuts the predetermined warp threads to produce the pile.

The blades, under such incessant usage, become quickly dulled, making it of paramount importance to provide apparatus from which dulled blades may quickly and easily be removed, and others just as readily reassembled in the holder for subsequent operations. Because of this, the construction of pile wires has, for its solution, reached: into the field of the removable wafer blade. The problem thereby adds to the requirement. for the provision of a holder with which a blade may beV quickly, easily, and efiiciently assembled, the necessity for protecting the blade, by a proper backing, against breakage under the severe lateral and longitudinal stresses to which it is subjected.

In. the weaving of different types of pile fabrics, and in the use of weaving apparatusl of d-ilerentdesigns, pile wires of varied heights may be used for the purposes noted. For the purposes of manufacturing economy, it is, 0f course, desirable that a blade of standard size be used in conjunction with any pile Wire, no matter what its particularheight. With these factorsin mind, it cany easily be realized that some method of assembling, or of relating, blades of standard size to-diierent pile wires must be devised, if such 45% blade is, tobe used. l

For the purposes of effectuating this object, the pile wire herein has been formed so that a dis- Vtinct.- groove isprovided, the groove being located so that. a blade of the type indicated, when assembled therein, will be retained rigidly in position and.4 the body thereof protected against breakage, while its cutting edge will. be extended in. predetermined relation to the. pile wire, such extension being substantially the same, no matter what the height. of the pile wire may be. To

produce a pile wire capable ofv attaining these results, there is associated, in a predetermined relation, with the blank from which the holder is fabricatednn one preferred method of the manufacture of a holder for such blade, and in one of 5 the intermediate stages of its formation', a die, conforming in shape and thickness substantially entirely with the shape and thickness of the water blade intended tobeassembled with the pile wire. The metal of the blank is worked, while the die m?, remains positioned in predetermined relation, so that the holder is squeezed closed, except at the portion thereofV within which the die islocated. Upon removal of the die, there will be left a groove, the shaping of which will conform close- 1:5; ly with that of the wafer blade.

In pile wire holders of this class, which prei-- erably are constructed by shaping a blank. from sheet material, and folding the blank upon itself to provide a substantially U-shaped member, gn, the armsof the folded portions of the U-shaped member are, except for those parts retained separated by the die,y pressed tightly against each other.y Inorder to cooperate with the blade, when held in the groove thus formed, I have provided 25, means which oo-actswith the blade, and with a peculiar shaping of blade and groove, to exert a force, as the pile wire is drawn through the fabric, tending ltoV retain the blade within the groove against separating forces resulting from 30; the cutting operation and with the cutting blade inaxed relation to the bounds of the holder.v

Other objects of this invention will be hereinafter set forth, or will'be apparent from the description and the drawing, in which. are illustrated a number of embodiments ofY apparatus for carrying out the invention.

The invention, however, is not intended to be restricted to the particular construction and arrangement of parts, nor tothe particular'applications of such constructions, herein shown and described',Y nor tothespeci-iic methods of opera.'- tion,.norA toy theY various steps orv details thereof, as: the same may" be modified in various particulars,` or be applied` in many varied relations, with- 5" out departing from the spirit andi scopeI of the invention, practical embodiments of which have been herein-illustrated anddescrlbed, without attempting to showal-l the various forms and modl'- w. iicatons'- in which the invention might be" prac'- tised.

On the drawing,`

Fig. 1S is` anV elevational view of a pile wl're holder, embodying the invention, havingIablde u the formation of the pile wire holder, the die being shown about to be inserted in predetermined relation to lthe holder;

Figure 1 is a transverse vertical sectional view. on the line 1-1, of Fig. 6; and

Figure 8 is an elevational View, illustrating the pile wire holder arranged, and about to be connected, with a pile wire.

The pile wire I0, shown in Figure 1, is seen to consist of a holder I2 and a wire body I4, secured together in the manner hereinafter set forth. The holder I2 preferably is formed from sheet material, bent into U-cross-secton as seen in Figure 4 to provide a channel to retain removably, between the arms I6 of the U defining the channel a blade I8. A channel 20, thus provided in the holder for reception of the blade, is of such width that the blade may easily and readily be'inserted therein and removed therefrom.

The groove, by its formation, is provided with a closed rear end or recess 22, defined by the downwardly tending overhanging wall 24; within this recess, the narrowed end 26 of lthe blade may be received snugly. The cutting edge 28 of the blade is continuous.

The other end of the blade is seen to be formed with an arcuate cut-out 32, which is intended to cooperate with a prong or tine, 34, struck out of the metal of the forward or spoon portion 36 of the holder, said spoon portion being shaped, in the manner shown in Figure 2, for purposes well known to those skilled in this art.

This prong or tine is directed generally downwardly and inwardly and is so positioned and dimensioned that when the blade is in the final position of Figure 1, the free end 35 of the prong will be in adjacency to the bight 33 of the arcuate shaped end wall 32 of the blade. The tine 34 is preferably formed by cutting throughA the spoon to provide the shorter upper inclined wall 35 and the lower longer inclined wall 36 and the curved free end 31. The tine or prong is bent angularly outwardly of the spoon', generally along the hinge line 42 into the path of movement of the blade in the channel of the holder. This outward angular bend is just sufficient to provide suflicient space between the extreme end 31 of Vthe tine 34 and the adjacent surface of the spoon so as to permit the bight 33 of the blade to work slightly between the extreme end portion 31 and the adjacent surface of the spoon. This relation, which may be described as an overlapping of the blade adjacent its bight 33 by the extreme end 31 of the tine, I have attempted to show in Figure 1, in which the bight 33 is indicated by a dotted line, since it is obstructed by the end 31 ofthe tine when the pile wire is viewed from this angle.

The prong 34, while made of a metal which has some resiliency, is nevertheless. relatively rigid, and will retain the blade in fixed cutting position against any movement relative to the holder or the material to be cut. The inclination of the prong 34, the shape of its free end 31, the arcuate shape of the wall 32 of the blade, the slight spacing of the free end 31 of the prong 34 from the surface of the spoon, the engagement of the free end 31 of the prong with the bight 33 of the blade, and the dimensions of the parts all add to the effectiveness with which the blade can be inserted in position and when so inserted is held therein. It will be observed that the blade isV held against outward movement because of the overlapping of the blade by the tip 31, and

Vbecause of the engagement of the inner surface of the tip with portions of the arcuate cut-out 32 of the blade, the latter is held against movement sideways with reference to the prong 34, as well as movement forward with reference to the prong, so that this construction of the blade serves to restrain displacement of the end of the blade vertically, horizontally, diagonally and outwardly.

The blade is assembled with the holder as follows: The end 26 is rst inserted into the slot in the holder to bring this end beneath the rear overhang 24. The opposite end of the blade is then worked downwardly pivotally into the slot to its position of Figure 1. In this operation the end 26 fulcrums about the overhang 24 as an abutment and the finger 39 at the extreme widened end of the blade flexes outwardly over the prong 34 until the blade assumes its seated'position of Figure l, when the nger 39 positions itself in normal position in registration with and beneath the prong 34. Due to the slight space between the free end 31 of the prong and the surface of the spoon, the bight 33 of the arcuate Wall 32 of the blade will position itself in this space to a very slight extent as has been attempted to be indicated in Figure 1 of the drawing and if this association is not as a matter of fact ei'- fected when the blade is first placed in position, it will be effected during the cutting operation because the cutting force tends to push the blade in the direction of the extreme end of the spoon.

In the manufacture of the pile wire holder, preferably a blank 46, stamped, or in any other manner cut, from sheet, or like, metal, is bent or folded, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, -to form a U- t This restricted channel, I form in the following manner: by the employment of a die member 54. This die member has its lower portion conforming more or less in thickness to that of vthe blade 26, and contoured very much like the contours of that portion of the blade which is shown in Figure 1 as received in said channel. In the formation of the member 48, the die member54 and the blank are brought together into associated relation as is indicated by the arrows in Figure 6 with the forming portion of die member extending to a predetermined depth below the top edge 58 of the blank, and between the opposed faces of the blank when finally folded to form the fgroove 60 between the opposed faces 62 of the member 48. The forwardly extending toe 84 and 7 the bottom edge 66 of the die are located, in this operation, relatively to edge 58 of the blank in the manner in which the edge 68 of blade I8, that portion of which is to be inserted into the groove corresponding substantially to the shaping of body 56, would be located in recess 22. In a preferred method of operation, however, the blank is formed into a distinct U-shaped crosssection before the die and such formed member is brought into the predetermined relationship.

Either simultaneously with the folding of the blank, in the first method of operation, or irnrnediately after the formation of the U-shaped member, in either of the two methods, and with the die retained in the position indicated, arms 62 are subjected to mechanical work, as by pressing, or rolling so that the legs will be forced sharply into contact with each other and with the die, closing groove 60, except at the location of the die. Sharp reduction of the metal will occur immediately at the die; however, a distinct groove of a Width substantially exactly, or minutely greater than, that of the die, and, therefore, of the blade, is left. The rear edge 'l0 of the die is positioned vso that when the blank is folded about the die to form the member 48, and the metal Worked in the manner set forth, such edge will extend beyond the cut-away edge 'l2 of the blank. In such manner, when the metal of the blank is Worked, as aforesaid, no rear wall for the groove will be formed so that the groove will remain continuously open at this point to permit die or blade to be quickly and easily slipped out of the assembled relation.

Upon removal of the die from cooperation with the holder, after the rolling operation, the finished groove 14, conforming substantially in its contour and dimensions to that of the body 0f the blade, will remain, the groove being formed at a predetermined portion of the holder and in predetermined relation to the top edge of the holder, so that the cutting edge of a blade, as-

sembled in such groove, will be in a definite and predetermined relation to the holder, and thus permit the use of a standardized wafer blade for these purposes. The height of the holder, in the final product, therefore, becomes an immaterial factor insofar as the location of the cutting edge with relation to the top edge of the holder is concerned.

Preferably, the die has a notch 16 formed in an edge thereof to cooperate with prong 34, in such cases where the prong is formed simultaneously with the cutting of the blank or during the use of the die. Also, in some cases, where the height of the wire is a substantial factor, spreading of the arms of the member 48 may be prevented by spot Welding the arms to each other, at one or more points, as at 78. This step may be effected after the die has been removed, or even while it is retained Within groove 14, after the metal has been Worked around the die.

The holder is assembled with the pile wire by bringing, into end to end abutment with the for- Ward edge 80 of the holder, the wire 82, the side walls 84 of which are formed preferably recessed, for the purpose of decreasing the area of contact along which the wire might contact with the fabric strands with which it is to be related. The abutted faces may then be united by any suitable method, preferably, however, by Welding. A desired method of welding consists in passing an electric current from the pile wire through the arms 62; the latter will be Welded to each other and to the wire simultaneously to assure a final rigid structure. Since, in the working of the metal, a ridge may b e produced at the location of the die, and also, due to the method of welding the wire and the holder together, a flash may be thrown up, it is necessary, in order to reduce t0 a minimum the frictional resistance encountered in the use of the pile Wire, to grind off such protuberances and smoothen the surfaces of both holder and Wire throughout their extent. This may be accomplished in any desired manner, the result desired being merely the production of a substantially smooth-surfaced member.

Many changes could be effected in the particular apparatus designed, and in the methods of operation set forth, and in the specific details thereof, without substantially departing Ifrom the invention hereof, which is intended to be de'- iined in the accompanying claim, the specific description hereinabove being set forth merely to illustrate operative embodiments for carrying out the spirit of the invention.

Having thus described my invention, and illustrated its use, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is In combination with a blade holder for a pile wire comprising: a member having a groove formed therein, said groove opening longitudinally of said holder and being adapted to receive a blade therein, said groove terminating in a recess within said member and having one of its walls extended beyond said open end to form a spoon, a blade positioned in said groove, said blade having a portion thereof extending beyond said open end and provided with a concave arcuately contoured portion, and a prong struck from said spoon and directed generally angularly downwardly, outwardly and rearwardly of said spoon, and presented in the path of the out- Wardly extending portion of said blade, said prong having a free arcuately contoured tip portion spaced from said member sufficiently s0 as to accommodate portions of the blade adjacent its arcuately contoured portion between said member and said tip when the blade is positioned within the groove, and said tip portion being contoured in relation to said arcuate portion of the blade so as to permit removal and insertion of the blade into the groove, and the inner surface of said tip portion being adapted to engage said lastnamed portion of the blade at a plurality of points arranged, in general, diagonally to the line of motion of said pile wire.

MARCUS B. BEHRMAN. 

